The tail gunner was an important position, being the primary defense against enemy fighters attacking from the rear.
The earliest B-17s lacked the tail gun, and were found to be very vulnerable. Once added, the tail gun, with two .50 caliber machine guns, proved to be so effective it forced the enemy to change their tactics.
Though enclosed, the tail gun position was drafty, with the back of the plane enclosed only by canvas, leaving the tail gunner to deal with cold temperatures. In addition to manning the guns, the tail gunner also reported the what was happening behind the plane.
The tail gunner was usually an enlisted man, but if a squadron commander was aboard as pilot, the plane's regular copilot would man the tail gun position.
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