900 Court Street NE
Oregon State Capitol on September 4, 2006
Oregon City was Oregon's first territorial capitol. In 1850 the capitol was shifted to Salem, where it has remained, except for a short stay in Corvallis in 1855. Oregon’s first Capitol building was built in 1854 at a cost of $40,000. It had a short existence as on December 30, 1855 a fire broke out in the unfinished northeast corner. The fire spread, resulting in a complete loss of the building and its contents. The Legislature was in session at the time and started meeting in the Holman Building on the corner of Ferry and Commercial Streets, which would serve as the State Capitol until a new Capitol was completed in 1876. The Secretary of State and State Treasurer also had their offices in the Holman Building from 1857 to 1876. The Governor's office and the State Supreme Court were located in the Nesmith Building, just across Ferry Street from the Holman Building.
Historical Photos:
Oregon State Capitol, 1855 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol (Oregon State Library)
In 1857, the people of the Oregon Territory voted to write a constitution and petition the United States for admittance as a state (the proposal had been previously voted down three times). Oregon elected a state government in 1858, with John Whitaker as governor, without waiting for Congress's decision, which was delayed by conflicts between northern and southern states. Oregon was admitted as a state on February 14, 1859, and word was sent by overland express from St. Louis to San Francisco, where the steamer Brother Jonathan delivered the message to Portland early on March 15 and it went by horseback on to Salem, where the announcement was made from the Nesmith Building downtown. In 1864, Salem became the official state capitol by popular vote.
Construction of a new Capitol building, designed by architect Justice F. Krumbein, was authorized by the State Legislature in 1872. Ground was broken in May of 1873 and the cornerstone was laid on October 8, 1973. The building was constructed using bricks made by convicts at the Oregon State Penitentiary. The building was completed and occupied on August 26, 1876. Construction cost approximately $325,000. Like many State Capitols, the building was patterned loosely after the Capitol in Washington D.C., though not all of the architectural features were originally included. The porticoes with their Corinthian columns, with fluted veneer facings made of Douglas County limestone, were not added until 1888, and the massive copper dome, supported by hollow metal girders, was not constructed until 1893. After completion of the dome, the total cost had risen to $500,000. The original plans also called for a tower at each end of the building, but these were never built.
Interior of the House of Representatives chamber.
Postcard Photograph from the collection of Bob & Helen Tompkins
Historical Photos:
Oregon State Capitol, 1875 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1876 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1888-1893 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1888-1893 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1893-1935 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1900 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1903 (Oregon Historical Society)
Oregon State Capitol, 1903 (Oregon State Library)
President Roosevelt at the Capitol, 1903 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1900-1915 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Willson Park & State Capitol, pre 1912 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol & Waite Fountain (Oregon State Library)
Waite Fountain, unknown date (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, circa 1912 (Oregon State Library)
House of Representatives, pre-1920 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol on fire, April 25, 1935.
On April 25, 1935, a fire started in the basement of the east wing of the Capitol building. A strong updraft was created by stair and elevator wells, the rotunda, and the hollow girders that supported the dome. This caused noticeable smoke to be visible coming from the dome, and also allowed the fire to spread quickly. Area residents were able to save furniture, records, equipment and files from the first floor, and a few records and other items from the other floors, before the rapidly advancing fire engulfed the building. Only the exterior walls were left standing after the fire was extinguished.
Historical Photos:
Smoke coming from the dome, 4/25/1935 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol on Fire, 4/25/1935 (Oregon State Library)
State Capitol Dome on Fire, 4/25/1935 (Oregon State Library)
State Capitol Dome on Fire, 4/25/1935 (Oregon State Library)
State Capitol Dome on fire at night (Oregon Historical Society)
Oregon State Capitol on Fire, 4/25/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol on Fire, 4/25/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Fire, 4/26/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Fire, 4/26/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Fire, 4/26/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Fire, 4/26/1935 (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire, 4/26/1935 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire, 4/26/1935 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire, 4/26/1935 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol Interior after fire (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Dome after fire (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol Dome after fire (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire, aerial view (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol after fire, aerial view (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol columns after fire (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol columns after fire (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol Grounds after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Wall after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Walls after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Workers at Oregon State Capitol after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Workers at Oregon State Capitol after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol Main Stairs after Fire (Oregon State Library)
Last Piece of Capitol being pulled down (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol on September 4, 2006
Construction of the current Capitol building was authorized in 1935 at a special session of the State Legislature. The building was designed by the Trowbridge & Livingstone architectural firm, with Francis Keally as associate architect and the Whitehouse & Church firm of Portland as Oregon associates.
Oregon State Capitol on September 4, 2006
The Capitol is built of white Vermont marble and bronze, and features modern Greek architecture with severely simple exterior lines. As built, the building was 395 feet long and 162 feet wide, with a usable area of 131,750 square feet. the main building is 53 feet high, while the top of the tower is 128 feet high. From the top of the tower, Cascade Mountains Jefferson, Hood, Adams and St. Helens are visible on clear days.
Oregon State Capitol on September 4, 2006
Mounted on the top of the tower is Ulric Ellerhusen's golden Pioneer statue, which brings the total height to 173 feet and an elevation of 337 feet above sea level, making it the second tallest building and second highest point in Salem, after the steeple spire of the First United Methodist Church.
Oregon State Capitol Dome on September 4, 2006
The capitol building was occupied on July 2, 1938 and was dedicated on October 1, 1938. It was fully completed in 1939 at a cost of $2,500,000.
Oregon State Capitol at Night on March 8, 2006
The Capitol building's dedication plaque reads as follows:
THE ERECTION OF THIS BUILDING WAS
AUTHORIZED BY THE STATE LEGISLATURE
AT ITS SPECIAL SESSION IN 1935
IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF
GOVERNOR CHARLES H. MARTIN
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE
HENRY L. CORBETT
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
HOWARD F. LATOURETTE
MEMBERS OF THE CAPITOL COMMISSION
CHAIRMAN JOHN A. McLEAN - EUGENE
VICE-CHAIRMAN H. H. OLINGER - SALEM
T. H. BANFIELD GEORGE A. MARSHALL
PORTLAND BAKER
ERNEST C. DALTON ROBERT W. SAWYER
ST. HELENS BEND
HORACE H. LAKE WARREN H. TREECE
PORTLAND PORTLAND
GEORGE R. LEWIS HELEN BURRELL MOORHIES
PENDLETON MEDFORD
SECRETARY ALTON JOHN BASSETT
LEGAL ADVISOR RALPH E. MOODY
TECHNICAL ADVISOR CARL F. GOULD
THE CAPITOL WAS DEDICATED AND
OPENED TO PUBLIC USE IN THE YEAR 1938
TROWBRIDGE & LIVINGSTON ARCHITECTS
FRANCIS KEALLY ASSOCIATE ARCHITECT
WHITEHOUSE & CHURCH OREGON ASSOCIATES
ROSS B. HAMMOND INCORPORATED BUILDERS
Oregon State Capitol Dedication Plaque on December 22, 2006
Statuary Blocks & Inscriptions
Rotunda
Governor’s Ceremonial Office
Senate Chamber
House of Representatives Chamber
Additions & Miscellaneous
1A: Breyman Brothers Fountain
1B: Oregon Trail Marker
1C: The Circuit Rider Statue
1D: Liberty Bell Replica
1E: Statue of Dr. John McLoughlin
1F: Statue of Reverend Jason Lee
1G: Column Segments
1H: Gazebo
1I: Capitol Beaver Family
1J: A Parade of Animals
1K: Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial
1L: Walk of the Flags
Historical Photos:
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1936 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1936 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1936 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1936 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1936 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol construction, 1937 (Salem Public Library)
Governor Martin with cornerstone, 6/17/37 (Oregon State Library)
New Oregon State Capitol (Oregon Historical Society)
New Oregon State Capitol (Oregon State Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1937 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1938 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, 1938 (Salem Public Library)
Pioneer being moved for regilding, 1938 (Salem Public Library)
Pioneer before being placed, 1938 (Salem Public Library)
Oregon State Capitol, April 4, 1947 (Salem Public Library)
Aerial Photo of new Capitol, pre-1949 (Oregon State Library)
New wings under construction, 1976 (Salem Public Library)
Pioneer, July 28, 1989 (Salem Public Library)
Additional Links:
Oregon State Capitol Tour from the Oregon Blue Book
Oregon State Capitol & Capitol Mall at Salem Online History
Oregon State Capitol at Salem Historical Quarterly
Willson Park at Salem Historical Quarterly
Oregon State Capitol at Salem Oregon Community Guide
Gilding the Pioneer at the Salem Oregon Community Guide
Salem's Tallest Building at Salem Oregon Community Guide
Continue to Statuary Blocks & Inscriptions…
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